2023 Cultivated Layer

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)

Publication_Date: 20240131
Title: 2023 Cultivated Layer
Edition: 2023 Edition
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

USDA NASS Marketing and Information Services Office, Washington, D.C.

Publisher: USDA NASS

Other_Citation_Details:

The data can be viewed at CroplandCROS <https://croplandcros.scinet.usda.gov/> and free for download at <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/Release/>. NASS maintains a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) at <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/sarsfaqs2.php>.

Online_Linkage:

<https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/Release/>

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)

Publication_Date: 20240131
Title: 2023 Cropland Data Layer
Edition: 2023 Edition
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Washington, District of Columbia 20250-9410 USA
Publisher: USDA NASS

Other_Citation_Details:

For more technical details, FAQs, metadata and download links please visit <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php>. The parent dataset, the Cropland Data Layer, is available free for download through CroplandCROS <https://croplandcros.scinet.usda.gov/>

Online_Linkage: <https://croplandcros.scinet.usda.gov/>

Description:

Abstract:

The 2023 Cultivated Layer identifies cultivated and non-cultivated land cover for the Continental United States and is based on land cover information derived from the 2019 through 2023 USDA NASS Cropland Data Layers (CDL). The Cultivated Layer is a raster, geo-referenced data layer that has a ground resolution of 30 meters. See the 'Process_Description' Section for details on how this data layer was created. For a more detailed description of the Cultivated Layer please reference the following journal article: Boryan, Claire, Yang, Z., and Di, L., 2012. Deriving 2011 Cultivated Land Cover Data Sets Using USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Historic Cropland Data Layers. Proc. of IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, July 22-27, 2012, Munich, Germany.

Purpose:

The purpose of the Cultivated Layer is to improve NASS Area Frame stratification used for agricultural surveys.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20221001
Ending_Date: 20231230

Currentness_Reference: 2023 growing season

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: annual updates

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -127.8873
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.1585
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.9580
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 23.1496

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: farming, 001
Theme_Keyword: environment, 007
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, 010

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
Theme_Keyword:

Earth Science > Biosphere > Terrestrial Ecosystems > Agricultural Lands

Theme_Keyword: Earth Science > Land Surface > Land Use/Land Cover > Land Cover

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: crop cover
Theme_Keyword: cropland
Theme_Keyword: agriculture
Theme_Keyword: farming
Theme_Keyword: land cover
Theme_Keyword: crop estimates
Theme_Keyword: ESA SENTINEL-2
Theme_Keyword: Landsat
Theme_Keyword: CroplandCROS

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
Place_Keyword: Continent > North America > United States of America

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: USA
Place_Keyword: CONUS

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: 2023

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:

The Cultivated Layer is provided to the public as is and is considered public domain and free to redistribute. The USDA NASS does not warrant any conclusions drawn from these data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section
Contact_Person: USDA NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section staff

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Room 5029 South Building
City: Washington
State_or_Province: District of Columbia
Postal_Code: 20250-2001
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 800-727-9540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 855-493-0447
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: SM.NASS.RDD.GIB@usda.gov

Data_Set_Credit: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service
Security_Information:

Security_Classification_System: None
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Security_Handling_Description: None

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2023 Cultivated Layer
NATIONAL ACCURACY REPORT

                 Producer   Omission           User       Commission   Conditional
                 Accuracy   Error      Kappa   Accuracy   Error        Kappa
                 --------   -----      -----   --------   -----        -----
Non-Cultivated   96.82%     3.18%      0.931   96.13%     3.87%        0.917
Cultivated       95.52%     4.48%      0.917   96.31%     3.69%        0.931

The accuracy of the non-agricultural land cover classes within the Cropland Data Layer and the Cultivated Layer is entirely dependent upon the USGS, National Land Cover Database (NLCD). Thus, the USDA NASS recommends that users consider the NLCD for studies involving non-agricultural land cover. For more information on the accuracy of the NLCD please reference <https://www.mrlc.gov/>.

Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment:

Attribute_Accuracy_Value:

Classification accuracy is generally 85% to 95% correct for the major crop-specific land cover categories in the Cropland Data Layer, which the Cultivated Layer is based upon. See the 'Attribute Accuracy Report' section of this metadata file for the detailed accuracy report.

Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation:

The accuracy assessment of the Cultivated Layer uses independent validation derived from the FSA CLU (agricultural categories) that was to accuracy assess the Cropland Data Layer (CDL). See the 'Attribute Accuracy Report' section of this metadata file for the full accuracy report.

These definitions of accuracy statistics were derived from the following book: Congalton, Russell G. and Kass Green. Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data: Principles and Practices. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Inc. 1999. The 'Producer's Accuracy' is calculated for each cover type in the ground truth and indicates the probability that a ground truth pixel will be correctly mapped (across all cover types) and measures 'errors of omission'. An 'Omission Error' occurs when a pixel is excluded from the category to which it belongs in the validation dataset. The 'User's Accuracy' indicates the probability that a pixel from the CDL classification actually matches the ground truth data and measures 'errors of commission'. The 'Commission Error' represent when a pixel is included in an incorrect category according to the validation data. It is important to take into consideration errors of omission and commission. For example, if you classify every pixel in a scene to 'wheat', then you have 100% Producer's Accuracy for the wheat category and 0% Omission Error. However, you would also have a very high error of commission as all other crop types would be included in the incorrect category. The 'Kappa' is a measure of agreement based on the difference between the actual agreement in the error matrix (i.e., the agreement between the remotely sensed classification and the reference data as indicated by the major diagonal) and the chance agreement which is indicated by the row and column totals. The 'Conditional Kappa Coefficient' is the agreement for an individual category within the entire error matrix.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

The 2023 Cultivated Layer is based on the 2019-2023 Cropland Data Layers (CDLs). The CDL data are produced using training and independent validation data from the Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) Program (agricultural data) and the most recent version of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD). More information about the FSA CLU Program can be found at <https://www.fsa.usda.gov/>. More information about the NLCD can be found at <https://www.mrlc.gov/>.

Completeness_Report: The data encompasses the Continental United States.
Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

The Cropland Data Layer and Cultivated Layer retain the spatial attributes of the input imagery. The Landsat 8 and 9 OLI/TIRS imagery is obtained via download from the USGS Global Visualization Viewer <https://glovis.usgs.gov/> using the Collection 2 Level-1 specifications. Please reference the metadata on the Glovis website for the positional accuracy of each Landsat scene. The Sentinel 2A and 2B imagery is obtained via download from the Copernicus Open Access Hub <https://scihub.copernicus.eu/> using the S2MSI1C product type which is orthorectified Top-of-Atmosphere reflectance. Please reference the metadata on the Copernicus website for positional accuracy details.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)

Publication_Date: 20240131
Title: 2023 Cropland Data Layer
Edition: 2023 Edition
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Washington, District of Columbia 20250-9410 USA
Publisher: USDA NASS

Other_Citation_Details:

Visit CroplandCROS <https://croplandcros.scinet.usda.gov/> or <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php> for more information.

The USDA NASS Cropland Data Layer (CDL) is a raster, geo-referenced, crop-specific land cover data layer. The CDL is produced using moderate spatial resolution satellite imagery which in the past has included the following: Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 and 9 OLI/TIRS, the Indian Remote Sensing RESOURCESAT-1 (IRS-P6) Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS), the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) DEIMOS-1 and UK2 sensors, ISRO ResourceSat-2 LISS-3, and ESA SENTINEL-2A and -2B sensors. Some CDL states used additional satellite imagery and ancillary inputs to supplement and improve the classification. These additional sources can include the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Elevation Dataset (NED), the imperviousness and canopy data layers from the most current version of the USGS National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 meter 16 day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composites.

Agricultural training and validation data are derived from the Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) Program. The NLCD is used as non-agricultural training and validation data.

The strength and emphasis of the CDL is agricultural land cover. Please note that no farmer reported data are derivable from the Cropland Data Layer.

Source_Scale_Denominator: 30 meter
Type_of_Source_Media: online download
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1997
Ending_Date: 2023

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CDL
Source_Contribution: Land cover information used to identify planting history

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

OVERVIEW: The Cultivated Layer is based on the most recent five years of CDL data (2019-2023). An Erdas Imagine Spatial Model is used to create the Cultivated Layer. The processing logic is as follows. If a pixel is identified as cultivated in at least two out of the five years of CDL data then it is assigned to the 'Cultivated' category. The exception is that all pixels identified as cultivated in the most recent year are assigned to the 'Cultivated' category regardless of whether or not they were cultivated in the previous four years of CDL data. For a more detailed description of the Cultivated Layer please reference the following journal article: Boryan, Claire, Yang, Z., and Di, L., 2012. Deriving 2011 Cultivated Land Cover Data Sets Using USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Historic Cropland Data Layers. Proc. of IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, July 22-27, 2012, Munich, Germany.

Below is a list of the CDL categories that are considered cultivated and non-cultivated for the Cultivated Layer.

USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layer categories considered cultivated:
CODE   CLASS NAME
1	Corn
2	Cotton
3	Rice
4	Sorghum
5	Soybeans
6	Sunflower
10	Peanuts
11	Tobacco
12	Sweet Corn
13	Pop or Orn Corn
14	Mint
21	Barley
22	Durum Wheat
23	Spring Wheat
24	Winter Wheat
25	Other Small Grains
26	Dbl Crop WinWht/Soybeans
27	Rye
28	Oats
29	Millet
30	Speltz
31	Canola
32	Flaxseed
33	Safflower
34	Rape Seed
35	Mustard
36	Alfalfa
38	Camelina
39	Buckwheat
41	Sugarbeets
42	Dry Beans
43	Potatoes
44	Other Crops
45	Sugarcane
46	Sweet Potatoes
47	Misc Vegs & Fruits
48	Watermelons
49	Onions
50	Cucumbers
51	Chick Peas
52	Lentils
53	Peas
54	Tomatoes
55	Caneberries
56	Hops
57	Herbs
58	Clover/Wildflowers
61	Fallow/Idle Cropland
66	Cherries
67	Peaches
68	Apples
69	Grapes
70	Christmas Trees
71	Other Tree Crops
72	Citrus
74	Pecans
75	Almonds
76	Walnuts
77	Pears
204	Pistachios
205	Triticale
206	Carrots
207	Asparagus
208	Garlic
209	Cantaloupes
210	Prunes
211	Olives
212	Oranges
213	Honeydew Melons
214	Broccoli
215	Avocado
216	Peppers
217	Pomegranates
218	Nectarines
219	Greens
220	Plums
221	Strawberries
222	Squash
223	Apricots
224	Vetch
225	Dbl Crop WinWht/Corn
226	Dbl Crop Oats/Corn
227	Lettuce
228	Dbl Crop Triticale/Corn
229	Pumpkins
230	Dbl Crop Lettuce/Durum Wht
231	Dbl Crop Lettuce/Cantaloupe
232	Dbl Crop Lettuce/Cotton
233	Dbl Crop Lettuce/Barley
234	Dbl Crop Durum Wht/Sorghum
235	Dbl Crop Barley/Sorghum
236	Dbl Crop WinWht/Sorghum
237	Dbl Crop Barley/Corn
238	Dbl Crop WinWht/Cotton
239	Dbl Crop Soybeans/Cotton
240	Dbl Crop Soybeans/Oats
241	Dbl Crop Corn/Soybeans
242	Blueberries
243	Cabbage
244	Cauliflower
245	Celery
246	Radishes
247	Turnips
248	Eggplants
249	Gourds
250	Cranberries
254	Dbl Crop Barley/Soybeans

USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layer categories considered non-cultivated:
CODE   CLASS NAME
37	Other Hay/Non Alfalfa
59	Sod/Grass Seed
60	Switchgrass
63	Forest
64	Shrubland
65	Barren
81	Clouds/No Data
82	Developed
83	Water
87	Wetlands
88	Nonag/Undefined
92	Aquaculture
111	Open Water
112	Perennial Ice/Snow
121	Developed/Open Space
122	Developed/Low Intensity
123	Developed/Med Intensity
124	Developed/High Intensity
131	Barren
141	Deciduous Forest
142	Evergreen Forest
143	Mixed Forest
152	Shrubland
176	Grass/Pasture
190	Woody Wetlands
195	Herbaceous Wetlands

ACCURACY: The accuracy assessment of the 2023 Cultivated Layer uses the same independent validation derived from the FSA CLU (agricultural categories) that was used to accuracy assess the 2023 Cropland Data Layer (CDL). See the 'Attribute Accuracy Report' section of this metadata file for the full accuracy report.

PUBLIC RELEASE: The Cultivated Layer is considered public domain and free to redistribute. The data can be viewed at CroplandCROS <https://croplandcros.scinet.usda.gov/> and downloaded at <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/Release/index.php>. Please note that in no case are farmer reported data revealed or derivable from the public use Cultivated Layer or Cropland Data Layer.

Process_Date: 2023
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section
Contact_Person: USDA NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section staff

Contact_Address:

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 800-727-9540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 855-493-0447
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: SM.NASS.RDD.GIB@usda.gov

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference: United States of America
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 96523
Column_Count: 153811

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Map_Projection:

Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area
Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:

Standard_Parallel: 29.500000
Standard_Parallel: 45.500000
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23.000000
False_Easting: 0.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 30.000000
Ordinate_Resolution: 30.000000

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

The Cultivated Layer is created using historical land cover products from the Cropland Data Layer (CDL). The CDL is produced using agricultural training data from the Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) Program and non-agricultural training data from the most current version of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD). The strength and emphasis of the CDL is crop-specific land cover categories. The accuracy of the CDL non-agricultural land cover classes are entirely dependent upon the NLCD. Thus, the USDA NASS recommends that users consider the NLCD for studies involving non-agricultural land cover.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

 Data Dictionary: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Cultivated Layer

 Source: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

 Raster
 Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: NO DATA, BACKGROUND 0

 Raster
 Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: CULTIVATION

 Categorization Code   Land Cover
           "1"       Non-Cultivated
           "2"       Cultivated

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA NASS Customer Service
Contact_Person: USDA NASS Customer Service Staff

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Room 5038-S
City: Washington
State_or_Province: District of Columbia
Postal_Code: 20250-9410
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 800-727-9540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 855-493-0447
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: SM.NASS.RDD.GIB@usda.gov
Contact_Instructions:

Please visit the official website <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php> for distribution details.

Resource_Description: 2023 Cultivated Layer
Distribution_Liability:

Disclaimer: Users of this data are solely responsible for interpretations made from these products. The data is provided 'as is' and the USDA NASS does not warrant results you may obtain using the data. Contact our staff at (SM.NASS.RDD.GIB@usda.gov) if technical questions arise. NASS does maintain a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) section on the CDL website at <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php>.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: GEOTIFF
Format_Version_Date: 2023
Format_Information_Content: GEOTIFF

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

<https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php>

Access_Instructions:

Fees:

The Cultivated Layer is available free for download at the official website <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php>. The CDL is available online and free for download at CroplandCROS <https://croplandcros.scinet.usda.gov/>, the Geospatial Data Gateway <https://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/>, and the NASS CDL website <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php>. Distribution questions can be directed to the NASS Customer Service Hotline at 1-800-727-9540.

Ordering_Instructions:

Technical_Prerequisites:

If the user does not have software capable of viewing GEOTIF (.tif) or ERDAS Imagine (.img) file formats then we suggest using CroplandCROS <https://croplandcros.scinet.usda.gov/>.

2023 Cultivated Layer

Metadata: